| Article |
|---|
| Article name |
Declaration of Principles on Academic Freedom and Academic Tenure: Historical Background and the Principles of Academic Freedom |
| Authors |
Golovko N.V. Doctor of Philosophy, Associate Professor, golovko@philosophy.nsc.ru |
| Bibliographic description |
Golovko N. V. Declaration of Principles on Academic Freedom and Academic Tenure: Historical Background and the Principles of Academic Freedom // Scholarly Notes of Transbaikal State University. Social Sciences Series. 2017. Vol. 12, No. 3. PP. 60–70. DOI: 10.21209/2500-171X-2017-12-3-60-70. |
| Section |
THEORY. METHODOLOGY |
| UDK |
316.74:001 |
| DOI |
10.21209/2500-171X-2017-12-3-60-70 |
| Article type |
|
| Annotation |
The paper aims to analyze the historical background that precedes the shaping of the contemporary understanding of academic freedom in the United States. Much attention is paid, on the one hand, to the transformation of the foundations and, on the other hand, to the emerging new elements of academic freedom that follow the transition and adaptation of the concept of academic freedom in the US higher education system in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The main object of the study is the Declaration of Principles on Academic Freedom and Academic Tenure that was written in 1915 by the American Association of University Professors in order to emphasize not only the theoretical notions about the essence of academic freedom but also serve as a practical tool and an instrument of common law for resolving legal disputes in court. As a result of the transition to the American “cultural soil”, the concept of academic freedom, that was originally developed under the classical German university, underwent some transformations and, in particular, was expanded via a new dimension of the freedom of extramural expression that referred to the speech made by faculty on the subject that was unrelated to their scholarly expertise. The most transformed issue is the autonomy of the university as the main foundation of academic freedom. The Declaration establishes the idea that the main threat to academic freedom lies not “outside” but “inside” the university. Instead of discussing the university’s autonomy towards external bodies (the state, etc.), the main idea of American academic freedom is to present the university as some kind of “neutral” institution (It is less “closed” and less “independent” then the autonomous one; it does not violate the scholarly tradition when the university policy is determined by a financial committee; the concept of academic freedom can be supplemented by the concept of civil rights and freedoms, etc.), as it helps a lot to protect academic freedom in court.
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| Key words |
academic freedom, Declaration of Principles on Academic Freedom and Academic Tenure, autonomous university, neutral university, W. Metzger, R. Post |
| Article information |
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| References |
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| Full article | Declaration of Principles on Academic Freedom and Academic Tenure: Historical Background and the Principles of Academic Freedom |
